To obtain a government post in the Republic of Malabar, you must be a member of the ruling independence party or a personal associate of President Zamir. Party members seeking a government post must either give a substantial donation in gold bullion to the party’s campaign fund or make a televised speech denouncing President Zamir’s political enemies. Gold bullion may be purchased only at the national Bank, which does business only with those who have been certified as politically sound by the Minister of Justice. Only those who either have been certified as politically sound by the – Minister of justice or have donated 300 hours of service to the Independence Party are allowed to make political speeches on television. To become a personal associate of President Zamir, you must either give a substantial donation in gold bullion to the president’s personal expense account or perform personal services for a member of his immediate family. Before appointing a personal associate to a government post, President Zamir always checks to make sure that he or she has been certified as politically sound by the minister of justice.
Mr. Razim has been certified as politically sound by the Minster of Justice. He may obtain a government post immediately only if he.
A. Has donated 300 hours of service to the Independence Party
B. Is allowed to make political speeches on television?
C. Is a member of the Independence party?
D. Is a personal associate of President Zamir?
E. Has purchased gold bullion at the national Bank.
As the chart shows, a personal associate of President Zamir who has been certified by the Minister of justice is immediately eligible for a government post. Each of the other choices would leave some requirement unfulfilled. Choice E would be correct if Mr. Razim were known to be a party member, however, this is not states, in the question. The answer is (D).
Red is a color which has powerful effects on human beings as well as animals. A group of psychologists carried out an experiment which confirms the subconscious effects of this color on human behavior. They provided selected sports teams at school and college level with either red or blue shorts and recorded the outcome of the games. The teams wearing red won in a disproportionate number of matches. The psychologists suggested that either the teams wearing red subconsciously felt themselves more powerful, or that the non-red teams were subconsciously intimidated by the red color.
Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the psychologists’ suggestion?
A. Each team wore red in some matches and blue in others.
B. The color blue has the subconscious effect of making human beings less competitive.
C. The effect was only observed if all the team members wore white shirts.
D. Red signifies danger in some cultures whereas it signifies happiness in others.
E. In a subsequent study, teams with all-red outfits were more likely to report that they thought they would win no matter what color the opponents wore.
Correct Answer: B Explanation: The conclusion concerns the supposed powerful effects of red color. However, if the observed results are due to the power of blue, the conclusion is not valid! The experimental design is flawed in that only two colors are used and the so-called positive effect of red cannot be distinguished from a possible negative effect of blue.
Refer to the extract in the previous question Which is the following is an assumption that the researchers apparently made in this study?
A. The women who participated in the study were sufficiently representative of modern women in general.
B. Male faces are, in general, attractive to women.
C. Visual images are important to women.
D. It is impossible to predict what features an ideal face would have.
E. Women in previous ages would have preferred more masculine men.
Correct Answer: A Explanation: The conclusion refers to modern women a fact that suggests the authors think their work applies to Ball modern women. Hence they do assume what is stated in A.